There isn't a standard set of measurements used by everyone. Seamly2D includes a large set of measurements to support variations in patternmaking, plus support for specialty garments, historical costuming, etc.
Everyday terms for measurements are very imprecise. For example, 'shoulder' and 'shoulder length' can be the same measurement. 'Front full length' and 'front shoulder height' can mean the same measurement. Some systems use the term 'armhole', others use 'armscye'. The terms 'Nape', 'Cervicale', and 'Neck Back' refer to the same point on the body.
Some names are associated with multiple measurements. 'Armscye Depth' is sometimes the length from the back of the neck to the level of the bottom of the armscye, and sometimes it's the vertical distance from the shoulder tip to the bottom of the armscye. "Natural waist" is sometimes 2" below the waist, sometimes it is the same as "waist" and means the smallest circumference around the torso.
In some patternmaking systems, measurements are halved. For example, 'Back shoulder width' sometimes means the distance from shoulder tip to shoulder tip across the back, sometimes it means half this measurement. (Seamly2D provides arm_shoulder_tip_to_shoulder_tip_b and arm_shoulder_tip_to_shoulder_tip_b_half for the back shoulder width and it's half measurement.) Some patternmaking systems define 'knee girth' to mean the circumference around the knee with a straight leg, some systems define it as the circumference around the bent knee. A similar situation occurs with the elbow and arm length measurements, some use a straight arm and some use a bent arm. (Seamly2D provides leg_knee_circ and leg_knee_circ_bent, and shoulder_tip_to_wrist and shoulder_tip_to_wrist_bent measurements.)
Also, some measurements begin with their group name, like "height_", "arm_", and "leg_".